SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a synthetic mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide studied for its potential role in protecting and improving mitochondrial function. It selectively targets the inner mitochondrial membrane, binding to cardiolipin to stabilize mitochondrial structure and reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.

SS-31 is commonly researched for its possible effects on enhancing cellular energy production, reducing oxidative stress, improving mitochondrial efficiency, and supporting tissue health, particularly in models of metabolic dysfunction, aging, and cardiovascular or neurodegenerative conditions.